Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) C Fundamentals Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which retinal layer is referred to as the blood-barrier?
• Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve caused by infection or immune-mediated disease such as MS. Which term describes this condition?
• What does hyper reflective and hypo reflective mean in OCT?
• Which statement describes the degenerative lamellar macular hole?
• Which is not a layer of the cornea?
• If a patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which imaging tests might be ordered?
• A normal foveal thickness map is represented by which color?
• In what year was OCT introduced?
• What is the primary difference between quantitative data and qualitative data in OCT reporting?
• Which of the following describes a key function of the retinal pigment epithelium?
• A macular hole that extends through the full thickness of the macula is best described as?
• The retina’s layer where signals pass from photoreceptors to bipolar and horizontal cells is which layer?
• What is volumetric OCT used for?
• IS/OS refers to which parts of the photoreceptors?
• Which anterior segment structures cannot be visualized with optical coherence tomography?
• Which sequence reflects the recommended steps for instilling eye drops?
• What does EMR stand for?
• Which property is associated with the corneal stroma?
• What is the abbreviation for the inner plexiform layer?
• Which description best characterizes the cornea epithelium?
• Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of diabetic retinopathy?
• Archiving refers to?
• What is the area between the macula and the optic nerve head called?
• Bowman's membrane is composed of which components?
• On OCT scans, serous fluid appears as which color?
• Bowman's membrane composition is described as which of the following?
• Which description correctly characterizes the inner plexiform layer?
• What is the primary function of the Outer Plexiform Layer?
• The vitreous is composed of what percent water?
• What does the acronym EHR refer to in medical records?
• Which statement best describes the role of Bruch's membrane?
• What is a comprehensive function of the corneal stroma?
• Which statement is NOT a function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for draining excess aqueous humor from the anterior chamber?
• What does the Outer Nuclear Layer contain?
• What is the primary role of Descemet's membrane?
• Which structure separates photoreceptor cells from the outer nuclear layer?
• Which landmark is used to find the edge of the optic disc?
• What is the abbreviation for the internal limiting membrane?
• What is the purpose of the bipolar cell in the inner nuclear layer?
• What are the scanning speeds of spectral domain OCT and time domain OCT?
• Retinoschisis occurs specifically between which two retinal layers?
• Which retinal layer forms a barrier to the retina's own blood vessels?
• What color would a very hypo-reflective layer, thin layer of the retina show up as on an OCT scan?
• Which color on an OCT scan indicates areas of highest reflectivity?
• Which layer is the location of synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
• Which is the innermost layer of the cornea?
• What is the most common camera artifact in ophthalmic imaging?
• What is the main function of the Henle fiber layer in the retina?
• Subretinal fluid due to leakage under the retina is most characteristic of which condition?
• How many regions are in the ETDRS grid?
• Which layer is the location of the cell bodies of the photoreceptors (rods and cones)?
• Spectral domain OCT commonly uses which wavelength?
• Dry AMD is characterized by which of the following?
• What is the abbreviation for the choriocapillaris?
• In OCT imaging, hyper-reflective areas appear as what?
• Which disorder causes damage to the optic nerve due to poor blood flow, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances?
• RPE stands for?
• The Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope is used to do what?
• How does diabetic retinopathy primarily cause vision loss?
• Which term describes fundus lesions that emit light without injection of fluorescein?
• What does the outer nuclear layer contain?
• In the Outer Plexiform Layer, signals are received by which cells?
• What measurement principle does OCT rely on to detect retinal structures?
• What does it mean when two consecutive OCT scans are taken in the same eye area?
• On OCT, subretinal fluid (CSR fluid) is depicted as which color?
• What is the function of the Outer Nuclear Layer?
• Rods are mostly responsible for which visual function?
• Why is the outer plexiform layer prone to fluid collection in diabetic retinopathy?
• Photoreceptor Inner Segment (Myoid Layer) forms which part?
• How does the retinal nerve fiber layer typically appear on OCT?
• A fundus lesion which emits fluorescent light without the presence of sodium fluorescein is called?
• What is the abbreviation for the choroidal vessels?
• Which slit-lamp observation suggests a macular hole?
• Which statement best describes the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone?
• A line scan report in OCT primarily shows which of the following?
• From the surface inward, which is the correct order of corneal layers?
• What is the average central macular thickness?
• Which layer contains the synapses between bipolar cells and ganglion cells?
• On an OCT scan, you observe pigment in the vitreous floating above the retina. Which pigment is this most consistent with?
• Which condition causes fluid pressure to build in the eye and damage the optic nerve tissue?
• What is quantitative data?
• If a patient is being scanned and a granddaughter asks you to interpret the scan, what is the appropriate action?
• What condition is caused by pockets of protein and calcium salts building up in the optic nerve over time?
• Which statement best describes Bruch's membrane?
• Increasing the bandwidth of the light source in OCT directly improves which aspect?
• A-scan yields what kind of data at a single lateral position?
• What is considered the most common camera artifact?
• If sampling occurs below the Nyquist rate, what artifact is expected to appear?
• Which corneal layer lies directly beneath the epithelium?
• What is the abbreviation for the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone?
• Which statement describes EMR?
• RNFL segments are commonly referred to as what?
• Which statement best describes what an A-scan provides in OCT?
• What are the axial length resolutions for spectral domain and time domain OCT?
• Which layer is described as a bridge transferring visual information from photoreceptors to other processing cells?
• In imaging of macular edema, which test is most commonly used to quantify macular thickness?
• In Dry AMD, where are drusen located relative to Bruch's membrane?
• Which item is NOT listed among the most common corneal disorders?
• To ensure accurate digital representation in OCT, sampling frequency should be at least how many times the highest frequency component?
• What is an algorithm?
• Which abbreviation stands for the inner nuclear layer?
• What is the abbreviation for the photoreceptors interdigitation zone?
• What is the Outer Plexiform Layer primarily the interface between?
• What is the correct inner-to-outer order of retinal layers?
• In SD-OCT, what does SD stand for?
• Drusen development occurs at which retinal interface?
• External Limiting Membrane separates which parts?
• On an OCT image's false color scale, a red or white color indicates which of the following about tissue reflectivity?
• What is Schlemm's canal?
• Which of the following is a layer of the retina?
• Which OCT scan uses data tracking and landmark recognition to place a follow-up scan?
• Which cells have their nuclei located in the inner nuclear layer?
• Which description best characterizes optic disc pallor?
• Clogging of Bruch's membrane is associated with progression of which conditions?
• Interferometry in OCT relies on which component that the beam splits and measures how long light takes to return?
• An optic pit is usually located on the optic nerve head in which region?
• What is the number one concern when installing OCT software on a new network?
• Specular photomicrography images which corneal layer?
• What does the Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone represent?
• What is the common abbreviation for Bruch's membrane?
• On OCT imaging, Bruch's membrane is seen as which feature?
• Which statement best describes the macula's function?
• In the human eye, what color is the retinal nerve fiber layers?
• What is the appearance of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone on an OCT scan?
• Which layer forms a blood barrier to the choroidal vessels?
• How should you correct a line scan that is tilted at an angle during OCT imaging?
• Which is an example of a quantitative protocol in OCT practice?
• The outer nuclear layer on OCT is best described as which color?
• What is an A-scan used for?
• If an artifact appears as dark lines streaking through a line scan vertically, where is it located relative to the retina?
• Which OCT feature does a line scan primarily report?
• Cones are more prevalent in the macula and are responsible for?
• What is the ganglion cell complex?
• OCT spectral-domain how does it work?
• Drusen deposits are typically located in which retinal layer?
• Why is the macula important in retinal anatomy?
• What is the primary purpose of angle assessment in the anterior segment?
• Which structure provides structural support to the retina and lies between the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium?
• Which statement best describes the scleral spur?
• What is the abbreviation for the Outer Plexiform Layer?
• How does the outer nuclear layer appear on an OCT scan in terms of color?
• In which retinal layer are the cell nuclei of bipolar cells located?
• The long-wavelength peak (L-cones) corresponds to which color range?
• In anterior segment OCT, which anatomical landmark is used to start the measurement of an angle?
• What is the major concern of an ophthalmologist when a patient has glaucoma?
• Which statement about the scleral spur is accurate?
• Where is Bruch's membrane located?
• Axial resolution in OCT is determined by which property?
• The acronym ILM stands for which anatomical structure?
• Which statement describes a pseudo macular hole on OCT?
• Which layer contains the cell bodies of the bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells?
• What cells populate the corneal stroma for repair and maintenance?
• What is the primary function of the choroidal vessels?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the sensory retina?
• What part of the retinal anatomy is most likely in the center of the viewfinder when a patient looks straight into the camera?
• Approximately how many cone photoreceptors are in the human eye?
• Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) is a highly reflective band indicating which part of the photoreceptors?
• In diabetic retinopathy, which retinal layer is most commonly associated with fluid accumulation in the macula?
• Which layer of the retina contains the cell nuclei of photoreceptors?
• Which statement best describes a tractional lamellar macular hole on OCT?
• Which layer contains the cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells?
• The Henle fiber layer is described as containing what?
• Optic nerve dysplasia is described as what?
• Which of the following is NOT a corneal layer?
• What does the acronym OCT stand for in ophthalmic imaging?
• What potential complication can arise from an optic pit?
• What color would a very hypo reflective, thin layer of the retina appear on an OCT scan?
• Interpolation in imaging is defined as:
• In OCT, what does an A-scan represent?
• In OCT interferometry, what is produced by combining light from the reference and sample arms?
• The rods in the retina are described as which?
• Which retinal layer contains the nuclei of photoreceptors?
• What does the choriocapillaris do to the retina?
• What layer of the retina contains the rods and cones?
• Which layer forms a blood barrier to the retina blood vessels?
• What distinguishes a lamellar macular hole from a full-thickness macular hole?
• Normal healthy eyes have RNFL thickness of how many microns or greater?
• You are scanning the macula of a patient's left eye and want to view tissues temporal to the macula. Where should the patient look?
• Cones are densely packed in which retinal region?
• Which two retinal structures commonly appear white on OCT due to high reflectivity?
• Which statement best defines a retinal hole?
• Which cells contribute nuclei to the inner nuclear layer?
• In Time Domain OCT, what is the typical axial resolution?
• Which statement best describes cone distribution in the retina?
• What is the main function of the retinal nerve fiber layer?
• Approximately how many rod photoreceptors are in the human eye?
• Which imaging domain in OCT uses a Fourier transform to reconstruct depth information?
• Which acronym stands for retinal pigment epithelium?
• Which corneal layer is immediately posterior to the stroma?
• What does an A-scan measure?
• What is the abbreviation for the Henle fiber layer?
• A retinal photo shows defined white, cloud-like clumps within the retina. What is this feature most consistent with?
• Which function does the RPE perform to improve optical quality?
• Which statement best describes the choroid?
• Which structure in the retina has the most vascular structure with the highest blood flow?
• Which statement correctly describes an EHR?
• Pigment deposition on the posterior surface of the central cornea indicates which condition?
• In OCT reports, thickness maps provide what type of data?
• In OCT imaging, what does the color white indicate?
• What is Bruch's membrane?
• Which statement best describes the inner plexiform layer?
• Is the RPE typically hyper reflective or hypo reflective on OCT?
• Starting from the anterior surface toward the posterior, how many layers does the cornea have and what are they?
• Optic nerve hypoplasia is characterized by?
• Which statement correctly describes Descemet's membrane?
• Which structure carries the axons that transmit visual information toward the brain?
• Which statement correctly describes the synaptic connections within the inner plexiform layer?
• Which description best matches the choriocapillaris in relation to the outer retina?
• In Fuchs dystrophy, which corneal layer is implicated in causing impaired exchange between the cornea and the rest of the eye?
• Keratitis refers to inflammation of which ocular structure?
• In retinitis pigmentosa as described, what happens to photoreceptors?
• In idiopathic central serous choroidopathy, which part is most involved?
• What role does Bruch's membrane play in the eye?
• Which statement about the cornea epithelium is true?
• In a false-color retinal thickness map, which color typically indicates the foveal depression (thinned area) in a normal eye?
• How does the inner nuclear layer typically appear histologically?
• Which color represents high reflectivity on OCT images?
• Which corneal layer is also known as the limiting membrane?
• If a patient has proliferative diabetic retinopathy, what combination of tests might be ordered?
• Which statement best describes automatic real time (ART) in OCT imaging?
• Which arrangement enables depth-resolved OCT data through interference?
• Which statement about Dry AMD is true?
• What is the minimal pupil size for quality OCT?
• Which layer lies between the RPE and the choriocapillaris?
• What is the Henle fiber layer described as?
• What does ART stand for in OCT terminology?
• Schwalbe's line is described as which of the following?
• The inner limiting membrane is a boundary between which structures?
• Bowman's membrane is also known as which of the following?
• EDI stands for what in imaging?
• What color are the retinal nerve fiber layers in the human eye?
• DICOM stands for what in medical imaging?
• What is the abbreviation for Retinal Pigment Epithelium?
• Schlemm's canal drains aqueous humor into which vessels?
• Stratus-OCT is an older time-domain technology; a modern OCT advantage is higher speed and resolution.
• Which retinal layers are highly reflective on OCT?
• What happens if RPE function changes?
• Backscattered signal in OCT is described as light that returns toward which component?
• Which layer contains the photoreceptor cell bodies?
• Which statement is true about the RPE layer on OCT?
• Do corneal endothelial cells regenerate?
• In spectral-domain OCT, the speed is typically described as tens of thousands of A-scans per second. Which option correctly states this rate?
• What is the CDC commonly abbreviated as?
• Which layer is the site of synapses between bipolar cell axons and ganglion cell dendrites?
• Which corneal layer lies directly beneath Bowman's membrane?
• Which hygiene step is recommended before instilling eye drops to prevent contamination?
• Backscattering in OCT refers to light that is scattered back toward the light source/detector.
• What is the function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)?
• What is the primary output of volumetric OCT used for macular assessment?
• What is the function of the choroid?
• What color would a very hyper-reflective layer, thick layer of the retina show up as on an OCT scan?
• What information does an A-scan provide in OCT?
• Which structure forms the boundary between the retina and the choroid?
• Which statement best describes the Henle fiber layer?
• Which statement best differentiates Wet AMD from Dry AMD?
• Which anterior segment structure cannot be visualized with OCT?
• What is the name of the junction between the retina and the ciliary body?
• If a patient has glaucoma, what is a major concern of the ophthalmologist?
• Peripapillary refers to tissue around which structure?
• Bowman's membrane serves which protective function?
• Is the Nuclear layer hyper reflective or hypo reflective?
• The cones in the retina are primarily associated with?
• Which layer contains the synapses between bipolar cell axons and ganglion cell dendrites?
• In OCT imaging, how is hypo-reflectivity indicated?
• What is the appearance of the external limiting membrane on an OCT scan?
• Which retinal layer contains synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
• Bruch's membrane serves as a barrier between which two ocular structures?
• What does the corneal stroma consist of?
• What does SLO stand for in retinal imaging?
• An operculum in the retina is best described as:
• In OCT color mapping, which statement best describes the color interpretation?
• Oversampling refers to:
• Optic disc pallor (atrophy) refers to which description of the optic disc color?
• When was Optical Coherence Tomography first introduced?
• In the context of retinal layers, what does ING stand for?
• On infrared OCT images, exudates and drusen typically appear as which color?
• Which anatomical landmark is used to start a measurement of the angle using anterior segment OCT?
• An anterior segment OCT that shows thinning of the cornea is an indication of:
• What is the responsibility of the corneal endothelium?
• OCT creates images of the retina using which type of waves?
• Which statement best describes the main function of the inner plexiform layer?
• Which layer contains the synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
• Which part of the eye is affected by Wet AMD?
• What is the primary purpose of Bowman's membrane?
• Which cells make up the three cellular types within the inner nuclear layer?
• Munson sign documents which condition?
• What is the choroid?
• Which statement about retinal nerve fiber layer appearance is true?
• What is another name for the Outer Plexiform Layer?
• What is the other name for Descemet membrane?
• Where is the retinal pigment epithelium located relative to the neurosensory retina?
• In the inner-to-outer retina sequence, which layer lies directly in front of the choroid?
• When cleaning a photographic lens, which action should you avoid?
• What is the minimal pupil size for a quality OCT?
• The RPE forms part of which barrier?
• The ganglion cell complex includes which retinal layers?
• Dry AMD is characterized by which of the following?
• A lamellar macular hole is characterized by:
• Which of the following is considered a common corneal disorder?
• What is the refractive power of the cornea?
• In OCT imaging, a hyper reflective layer would usually appear as which relative brightness compared with surrounding tissue?
• Which statement best defines Wet AMD?
• What is the abbreviation for the photoreceptor outer segment?
• The RPE is firmly attached to which structure?
• Optic nerve dysplasia is described as which of the following terms?
• What is qualitative data?
• How many wavelengths do the cones have?
• Which corneal layer is immediately anterior to Descemet's membrane?
• The photoreceptor ellipsoid zone appears as which of the following on OCT?
• What is the internal limiting membrane (ILM)?
• Which statement correctly describes the formation of the foveal pit?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of cone photoreceptors?
• Which OCT modality generally provides higher axial resolution and faster data acquisition?
• The boundary between retina and vitreous is which structure?
• Which two layers of the retina form a barrier to the passage of molecules between choroid and retina?
• Which statement is true regarding the trabecular meshwork and its posterior border?
• W-ROYGB stands for which concept in OCT imaging?
• Retinoschisis is best described as splitting of the retina between which layers?
• Which statement about Descemet's membrane is correct?
• What is the abbreviation for the retinal nerve fiber layer?
• Photoreceptors are located in which retinal region?
• What is the abbreviation for the ganglion cell complex?
• Stratus-OCT Time-Domain is described by which statement?
• Which combination of tests might be ordered for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
• Nyquist rate is defined as:
• What function do amacrine cells serve in the inner nuclear layer?
• Optic nerve dysplasia refers to what?
• Which statement best describes horizontal cells in the inner nuclear layer?
• In the retina's inner-to-outer sequence, which layer lies immediately after the Ganglion Cell Layer?
• Normal fovea thickness map color and microns?
• What is the area around the optic nerve called in OCT imaging?
• What is the outermost layer of the cornea?
• What is the minimal pupil size required for a quality OCT scan?
• What does OCT angiograph scan?
• Which factor should be prioritized when installing OCT software on a new network to protect patient data?
• What is the diameter of the optic disc in millimeters?
• What is the vitreous humor?
• Which layer is the site where signals pass from photoreceptors to other retinal neurons?
• Which of the following is not part of the inner-to-outer retina sequence listed?
• Cones are primarily responsible for which visual function?
• Fuchs dystrophy is characterized by damage to which corneal layer, interrupting nutrient exchange?
• Where is Schwalbe line located?
• Which statement correctly differentiates pseudo macular hole from degenerative lamellar macular hole?
• Which statement describes cones in relation to the fovea?
• Which statement best describes Wet AMD's characteristics?
• What are the two membranes found in the cornea?
• What is a scleral spur?
• The fovea is the area of maximum visual acuity due to high concentration of which photoreceptors?
• What is the axial resolution of spectral-domain (SD) OCT?
• How does a normal foveal thickness map appear in terms of color and thickness range?
• Which statement is true about spectral-domain OCT compared to time-domain?
• What is the main advantage of using a confocal microscope in ophthalmic imaging?
• What is another name for the corneal stroma?
• Which corneal layer forms the inner surface facing the anterior chamber?
• What is the wavelength used by spectral domain OCT?
• Which two membranes are found in the cornea?
• Time Domain OCT axial length is commonly expressed in A-scans; what is the typical value?
• When a relative asks for scan interpretation, what is the correct course of action?
• Which OCT technology employs a moving reference mirror to obtain depth information?
• What does SLD stand for in OCT light sources?
• To stabilize an unstable patient during an ocular procedure, which approach is recommended?
• Where is Bruch's membrane located?
• What term describes the structure at the end of Descemet's membrane?
• Compared to spectral-domain OCT, Stratus-OCT Time-Domain generally has which characteristic?
• Which layer primarily houses the cell bodies of the ganglion cells?
• How does Wet AMD affect vision?
• NOT part of the sensory retina?
• Schwalbe's line is a continuation of which corneal structure?
• Amacrine cells are primarily involved in which function?
• Which statement about the outer nuclear layer is true?
• In computing terminology, what is an interface?
• Which statement about the RPE's cellular organization is true?
• What is typically a major clinical concern for glaucoma management?
• External Limiting Membrane (ELM) is described as a barrier between which structures?
• What is another name for spectral domain OCT?
• Which macular hole is described as partial-thickness, or lamellar, not involving the full macular thickness?
• How does the outer nuclear layer appear on an OCT scan?
• What is the primary purpose of the corneal epithelium?
• In a tractional lamellar macular hole, traction is observed above which layer?
• Which outcome is most associated with Wet AMD?
• If a patient has cystoid macular edema, what test would most likely be ordered?
• Schlemm's canal is primarily involved in which function?
• The papillomacular axis is the line connecting which retinal structures?
• What is the abbreviation for the photoreceptors inner segments (myoid layer)?
• How does Bruch's membrane appear in an OCT scan?
• In a healthy eye, are there capillaries in the center of the fovea?
• In Fuchs dystrophy, which corneal layer is damaged?
• Which two glaucoma-related conditions involve pigment liberation in the anterior segment?
• Where are Drusen deposits typically located?
• Which of the following is an example of a quantitative protocol?
• The Nyquist rate in OCT imaging represents the minimum sampling frequency required to accurately capture the highest frequency component. It is recommended to sample at least how many times the highest frequency?
• On an infrared image, how would exudates appear?
• Spectral domain OCT introduces the use of a(n):
• Which group is not included in glaucoma sampling?
• Low reflectivity areas appear which color on OCT images?
• Highly reflective tissue appears which color on OCT images?
• Which term best describes a depth-resolved reflectivity profile at a single lateral position?
• Which layer lies directly before the Inner Nuclear Layer in the inner-to-outer retina sequence?
• Which statement about rods is true?